What are the applications of (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid is a compound with potential applications in several areas.The compound (2E)-3 - (3 - fluorophenyl-acrylic acid has potential applications in many areas.
In the field of pharmaceuticals, it can serve as a key intermediate for the synthesis of various bioactive molecules.It can be used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry to synthesize bioactive molecules. Its fluorine - containing aromatic structure can confer unique properties to the final drug products.Its fluorine-containing aromatic structure can confer special properties to the final drug product. Fluorine substitution often affects the lipophilicity, metabolic stability, and binding affinity of drugs.Fluorine substitution can affect the binding affinity, metabolic stability and lipophilicity of drugs. Compounds derived from (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid may be designed to target specific receptors or enzymes.Compounds derived by (2E)-3 - (3 - fluorophenyl-acrylic acid can be designed to target specific enzymes or receptors. For example, they could potentially be developed into anti - inflammatory agents.They could be used to develop anti-inflammatory agents, for example. The double bond and the carboxylic acid group in the molecule can participate in chemical reactions to form more complex structures with enhanced biological activities.The double bond in the molecule and the carboxylic group can participate in chemical reaction to form more complex molecules with enhanced biological activity.

In materials science, this compound can be used in the preparation of functional polymers.This compound can be used to prepare functional polymers in materials science. The carboxylic acid group can react with various monomers through esterification or other condensation reactions.The carboxylic group can react with different monomers via esterification or other reactions of condensation. The resulting polymers may have interesting optical or electronic properties due to the presence of the fluorophenyl moiety.The presence of fluorophenyl may give the polymers interesting optical or electronics properties. These polymers could find applications in optoelectronic devices such as organic light - emitting diodes (OLEDs).These polymers may be used in optoelectronics devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes. The fluorine atom can improve the charge - transport properties of the polymer, leading to more efficient devices.The fluorine atom improves the charge-transport properties of the polymer. This leads to more efficient devices. They might also be used in the production of specialty coatings.They could also be used to produce specialty coatings. The acrylic acid part can polymerize to form a film - forming material, and the fluorophenyl group can impart water - repellent or anti - fouling properties to the coating.The acrylic acid can polymerize into a film-forming material and the fluorophenyl can impart anti-fouling or water-repellent properties to the coating.

In the area of agrochemicals, derivatives of (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid could potentially be developed into pesticides or plant growth regulators.Derivatives of (2E - 3-(3-fluorophenyl-acrylic acid) could be developed as pesticides or plant growth regulaters in the agrochemical field. The unique structure of the compound may interact with specific biological targets in pests or plants.The unique structure of this compound may interact with biological targets within pests or plants. For instance, it could be designed to disrupt the growth or reproduction of harmful insects or fungi.It could, for example, be designed to stop the growth or reproduction harmful insects or fungi. The fluorine atom may enhance the compound's stability in the environment, allowing for longer - lasting protection of crops.The fluorine atom can enhance the stability of the compound in the environment. This allows for a longer-lasting protection of crops. Additionally, as a plant growth regulator, it might influence processes such as germination, flowering, or fruit ripening, helping to optimize agricultural productivity.As a plant growth-regulator, it may also influence processes like germination, fruit ripening or flowering. This could help optimize agricultural productivity. Overall, (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid has diverse potential applications across different scientific and industrial fields.Overall, (2E - 3-(3 - Fluorophenyl )acrylic acid is a versatile chemical that can be used in a variety of scientific and industrial fields.

What are the properties of (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid is an organic compound with specific properties.
Physical properties

Appearance: It is likely to be a solid under normal conditions.Appearance: This compound is likely to be solid under normal circumstances. Many aromatic carboxylic acids, which this compound belongs to due to the presence of the phenyl ring and carboxylic acid group, are solids.Solids are common for many aromatic carboxylics, to which this compound belongs due to its presence of phenyl rings and carboxylic acid groups. This is because of the relatively strong intermolecular forces acting between the molecules.This is due to the relatively strong intermolecular force acting between the molecules.

Melting and boiling points: The melting point is determined by the strength of the intermolecular forces.Melting and boiling point: The strength of intermolecular forces determines the melting point. The presence of the fluorine atom in the phenyl ring can have an impact.The presence of fluorine in the phenyl can have an effect. Fluorine is highly electronegative.Fluorine has a high electronegative value. It can influence the intermolecular forces through dipole - dipole interactions.It can influence intermolecular interactions through dipole-dipole interactions. The carboxylic acid group can form hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules.The carboxylic group can form hydrogen bond with neighboring molecules. These hydrogen bonds are relatively strong intermolecular forces, contributing to a relatively high melting point compared to non - hydrogen - bonding organic compounds of similar molecular weight.These hydrogen bonds are strong intermolecular forces that contribute to a high melting point when compared to organic compounds without hydrogen bonding. As for the boiling point, it is also elevated due to the combined effect of hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular forces, and would require significant energy input to overcome these forces and convert the solid or liquid to the gaseous state.The boiling point is also high due to the combined effects of hydrogen bonding and intermolecular force. It would take a significant amount of energy to overcome these forces to convert the solid or fluid to gaseous.

Solubility: In terms of solubility, it is sparingly soluble in water.It is sparingly water soluble. The hydrophobic nature of the phenyl ring, even with the fluorine substitution, reduces its affinity for water.Even with the fluorine substitute, the hydrophobic nature reduces the affinity of the phenyl rings for water. However, the carboxylic acid group can interact with water through hydrogen bonding to some extent.The carboxylic acid can interact with water in a limited way through hydrogen bonds. It is more likely to be soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate.It is more likely soluble in organic solvants such as ethanol dichloromethane and ethylacetate. Organic solvents can better accommodate the non - polar phenyl ring part of the molecule through van der Waals forces, while also interacting with the polar carboxylic acid group.Organic solvents can accommodate the non-polar phenyl part of the molecule better through van der Waals force, while also interacting the polar carboxylic group.

Chemical properties

Acidity: The carboxylic acid group in (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid gives it acidic properties. It can donate a proton in the presence of a base.It can donate a proton in the presence a base. The pKa value of the carboxylic acid group is influenced by the fluorine - substituted phenyl ring.The fluorine-substituted phenyl group influences the pKa of the carboxylic acids. The electron - withdrawing effect of fluorine can stabilize the carboxylate anion formed after deprotonation.The electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine is able to stabilize the carboxylate anions formed after deprotonation. This electron - withdrawing effect makes the carboxylic acid more acidic compared to a simple phenylacrylic acid without the fluorine substitution.This electron-withdrawing effect makes the carboxylic acids more acidic than a simple phenylacrylic without the fluorine substitute.

Reactivity of the double bond: The (E)-configured double bond in the molecule is a site of reactivity.Reactivity of double bond: In the molecule, the double bond with the (E) configuration is a reactivity site. It can undergo addition reactions.It can undergo addition reaction. For example, it can react with electrophiles such as bromine in an electrophilic addition reaction.It can, for example, react with electrophiles like bromine in an addition reaction. The double bond can also participate in Diels - Alder reactions if suitable dienes and reaction conditions are provided, which is useful in organic synthesis for constructing more complex cyclic structures.Diels-Alder reactions can also involve the double bond if the reaction conditions and dienes are suitable. This is useful for constructing complex cyclic compounds in organic synthesis.

Reactivity of the aromatic ring: The fluorine - substituted phenyl ring can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.Reactivity of aromatic ring. The fluorine-substituted phenyl rings can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitute reactions. The fluorine atom, although electron - withdrawing, can direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions due to its lone pairs of electrons.Due to its single electron pairs, the fluorine atom can direct incoming electronphiles towards the ortho and para positions, even though it is electron-withdrawing. These reactions can be used to further functionalize the molecule, for instance, by nitration, halogenation, or Friedel - Crafts reactions under appropriate conditions.These reactions can be used in order to further functionalize a molecule. For example, by nitrations, halogenations, or Friedel-Crafts reactions, under the right conditions.

How is (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid synthesized?

(2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid can be synthesized through the following general steps.
One common approach is via the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.Knoevenagel condensation is a common method. First, start with 3 - fluorobenzaldehyde and a suitable malonic acid derivative, such as malonic acid itself or its esters.Start with 3 -fluorobenzaldehyde, and a suitable malonic derivative, such a malonic acid or its esters.

For instance, when using malonic acid in the presence of a base catalyst.When using malonic acid with a base catalyst, for example. The base, like pyridine or piperidine, activates malonic acid.The base, such as pyridine or piperidine, activates the malonic acid. In the reaction mixture, the carbonyl group of 3 - fluorobenzaldehyde undergoes a nucleophilic addition by the enolate form of the activated malonic acid.In the reaction mixture the carbonyl group in 3 -fluorobenzaldehyde undergoes nucleophilic addtion by the enolate version of activated malonic acids. This initial adduct then undergoes dehydration.This initial adduct is then dehydrated. The elimination of a water molecule is facilitated by the reaction conditions, often with gentle heating.The conditions of the reaction, which often include gentle heating, facilitate the elimination of water molecules. This dehydration step leads to the formation of the double bond, resulting in the (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid product.This dehydration step results in the formation of a double bond and the (2E)-3 - (3 - fluorophenyl-acrylic acid product.

If an ester of malonic acid is used, like diethyl malonate, after the Knoevenagel condensation, an additional hydrolysis step is required.After the Knoevenagel condensing, if an ester of malonic acids is used, such as diethylmalonate, an additional step of hydrolysis is required. The resulting diester product from the condensation is treated with an acid or base in an aqueous medium to hydrolyze the ester groups to carboxylic acid groups.The diester product is treated in an aqueous solution with an acid or a base to hydrolyze ester groups into carboxylic acids. Acid - catalyzed hydrolysis might involve using dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, while base - catalyzed hydrolysis could use sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.Acid-catalyzed hydrogenation could involve dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acids, while base-catalyzed hydrogenation could use sodium or potassium hydroxide. After hydrolysis, acidification (if base - catalyzed hydrolysis was used) is needed to obtain the free carboxylic acid, which is (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid.If base-catalyzed hydrolysis is used, it is necessary to acidify the solution in order to obtain the carboxylic acid (2E)-3 - (3 - fluorophenyl-acrylic acid.

Another possible route could involve a Wittig - type reaction.A Wittig-type reaction is another possible route. Prepare a phosphonium ylide from an appropriate phosphonium salt and a strong base.Prepare a phosphonium-ylide by combining a suitable phosphonium-salt with a strong base. The phosphonium salt could be derived from a suitable alkyl halide and triphenylphosphine.The phosphonium ylide can be prepared from an alkyl chloride and triphenylphosphine. React this phosphonium ylide with 3 - fluorobenzaldehyde.React this phosphonium salt with 3 -fluorobenzaldehyde. The ylide reacts with the aldehyde carbonyl, forming an intermediate betaine, which then undergoes elimination to form the desired (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid.The ylide reacts to the aldehyde, forming a betaine intermediate, which is then eliminated to form the desired (2E-3)-3-(3-fluorophenyl-acrylic acid. The Wittig reaction is highly stereoselective, often favoring the formation of the E - isomer, which is the required configuration in (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid.The Wittig reactions are highly stereoselective and often favor the formation of the E-isomer which is required in (2E-3-(3-fluorophenyl-acrylic acid).

What are the safety precautions when handling (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid?

When handling (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid, several safety precautions should be taken.
First, personal protective equipment is essential.Personal protective equipment is a must. Wear appropriate chemical - resistant gloves.Wear gloves that are resistant to chemicals. Nitrile gloves are often a good choice as they can resist a wide range of chemicals.Nitrile gloves can be a good option as they are resistant to a variety of chemicals. This helps prevent skin contact, which could potentially lead to skin irritation, allergic reactions, or absorption of the chemical through the skin.This prevents skin contact that could lead to irritation, allergic reactions or absorption of chemicals through the skin.

Eye protection is also crucial.It is important to protect your eyes. Safety goggles should be worn at all times when working with this compound.Wear safety goggles at all times while working with this compound. In case of accidental splashing, the goggles can prevent the acid from getting into the eyes, which could cause serious eye damage, including burns and vision impairment.The goggles will prevent the acid from splashing into your eyes and causing serious eye damage including burns or vision impairment.

Proper clothing is necessary.Clothing is important. Wear a laboratory coat or a chemical - resistant apron.Wear a laboratory jacket or a chemical-resistant apron. This protects your normal clothing from spills and splashes, reducing the risk of the chemical coming into contact with your body.This will protect your clothing from spills and splashes. It also reduces the risk that the chemical will come into contact with you.

Ventilation is of great importance.Ventilation is very important. Handle (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid in a well - ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood. This compound may emit fumes or vapors that could be harmful if inhaled.This compound can emit fumes and vapors which could be harmful to inhale. The fume hood effectively removes these potentially dangerous substances from the breathing zone, protecting your respiratory system.The fume hood removes these potentially harmful substances from your breathing zone, protecting you respiratory system. Inhalation of the acid's fumes might cause respiratory tract irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, or more severe respiratory problems.Inhaling the fumes of acid can cause respiratory tract irritation. This could lead to coughing, shortness or breath, and more serious respiratory problems.

In case of spills, have a spill kit ready.Prepare a spill kit in case of spills. First, isolate the area to prevent others from accidentally stepping into the spill.Isolate the area first to prevent others from stepping in the spill. Then, follow the proper spill - clean - up procedures.Follow the correct spill - cleanup procedures. For solid spills of this acid, use appropriate tools like a scoop to carefully collect the material and place it in a suitable waste container.Use a scoop or other appropriate tool to collect any solids that have been spilled. Place them in a suitable container. For liquid spills, absorbent materials such as vermiculite or sand can be used to soak up the liquid.To absorb liquid spills, absorbents such as vermiculite and sand are recommended. Dispose of the contaminated absorbent and the collected acid according to local regulations.Dispose the contaminated absorbent as well as the acid collected according to local regulations.

Finally, be familiar with the first - aid procedures.Be familiar with the first-aid procedures. In case of skin contact, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.If skin contact occurs, wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water and for at least 15 minute. If eye contact occurs, flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes and seek immediate medical attention.If eye contact occurs flush the eyes for 15 minutes with large amounts of water and seek immediate medical assistance. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately.If inhaled, get to fresh air as soon as possible. If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration if trained to do so and call for emergency medical help.If the person has difficulty breathing, call emergency medical help and provide artificial respiration.

What is the stability of (2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)acrylic acid's stability is influenced by several factors.
Firstly, the structure of the molecule plays a significant role.The structure of the molecule is important. The presence of the conjugated double - bond system in the acrylic acid part contributes to a certain degree of stability.The presence of a conjugated double-bond system in the acrylic acids part contributes to some degree of stability. Conjugation allows for the delocalization of p - electrons, which generally lowers the overall energy of the molecule.Conjugation allows the delocalization p-electrons, which in general lowers the energy of the molecule. This delocalization helps in distributing electron density, making the molecule less reactive in some respects.This delocalization helps to distribute electron density, which makes the molecule less reactive.

The fluorine atom attached to the phenyl ring also impacts stability.The fluorine attached to the phenyl rings also affects stability. Fluorine is a highly electronegative element.Fluorine is an element that is highly electronegative. It withdraws electron density from the phenyl ring through the inductive effect.It removes electron density from phenyl rings through the inductive effects. This can have both stabilizing and potentially destabilizing consequences.This can have both stabilizing as well as potentially destabilizing effects. On one hand, the electron - withdrawing nature of fluorine can help in delocalizing the negative charge in the carboxylate anion that could form upon deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group.The electron-withdrawing nature of fluorine helps to delocalize the negative charge that could form in the carboxylate anions upon deprotonation. This enhanced delocalization can increase the stability of the deprotonated form, making the acid more acidic compared to non - fluorinated analogs.This enhanced delocalization increases the stability of the deprotonated acid, making it more acidic than non-fluorinated analogs.

However, the electron - withdrawing effect of fluorine can also make the adjacent carbon atoms in the phenyl ring more electrophilic.The electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine, however, can also make the adjacent Carbon atoms in phenyl rings more electrophilic. This could potentially make the molecule more susceptible to nucleophilic attack at those positions, especially under appropriate reaction conditions.This could make the molecule more vulnerable to nucleophilic attacks at those positions.

In terms of environmental factors, (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid is likely to be stable under normal ambient conditions.Environmentally, (2E-3)-3-(3-fluorophenyl-acrylic acid) is likely to be stable in normal ambient conditions. It should be resistant to oxidation in air to a reasonable extent due to the relatively stable conjugated structure.The conjugated structure should make it resistant to air oxidation to a reasonable degree. But in the presence of strong oxidizing agents, the double bonds or the carboxylic acid group could be oxidized.In the presence of strong oxygenating agents, however, the double bonds and carboxylic acid groups could be oxidized.

Regarding heat stability, like many organic acids, it would start to decompose at elevated temperatures.It would decompose, as with many organic acids, at high temperatures. The exact decomposition temperature would depend on factors such as the purity of the sample and the presence of any impurities that could catalyze decomposition reactions.The exact temperature of decomposition would depend on factors like the purity of the sample, and the presence of impurities which could catalyze the decomposition reaction.

In solution, its stability can be affected by the solvent used.Solvents can affect the stability of the compound in solution. Polar solvents might interact with the polar carboxylic acid group, potentially influencing its reactivity and stability.Polar solvents may interact with the polar carboxylic group, affecting its reactivity or stability. For example, in a basic solution, the carboxylic acid group would be deprotonated, changing the overall charge and reactivity of the molecule.In a basic solution for example, the carboxylic group would be deprotonated. This would change the overall charge and reactivity.

Overall, (2E)-3-(3 - fluorophenyl)acrylic acid has a moderate level of stability under normal conditions, but its reactivity can be tuned by changing the reaction environment, which makes it a useful compound in various chemical reactions and applications.The (2E)-3 -(3-fluorophenyl-acrylic acid) has a moderate stability under normal conditions. However, its reactivity is adjustable by changing the reaction environment. This makes it useful in various chemical reactions.