What are the main applications of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid has several important applications.
One of its significant uses is in the field of organic synthesis.It is used in organic synthesis. It serves as a valuable building block for creating more complex organic compounds.It is a valuable building-block for the creation of more complex organic compounds. Due to the presence of the acrylic acid moiety and the pyridine ring, it can participate in a variety of chemical reactions.It can be used in a wide range of chemical reactions due to the presence of both the acrylic acid moiety as well as the pyridine ring. For instance, the double bond in the acrylic acid part can undergo addition reactions.The double bond of the acrylic acid can undergo addition reactions, for example. This allows chemists to introduce different functional groups, enabling the construction of molecules with specific properties.The chemists can introduce different functional groups to create molecules with specific properties. These synthesized compounds can then be used in further research or for the development of new materials.These compounds can be used for further research or to develop new materials.

In the pharmaceutical industry, (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid may play a role in drug discovery. The pyridine ring is a common structural feature in many bioactive compounds.The pyridine ring appears in many bioactive compounds. By incorporating this acid into potential drug candidates, researchers can explore its biological activity.Researchers can investigate the biological activity of this acid by incorporating it into potential drug candidates. It might interact with specific biological targets in the body, such as enzymes or receptors.It may interact with specific biological targets within the body, like enzymes or receptors. This could potentially lead to the development of new drugs for treating various diseases.This could lead to the development new drugs to treat various diseases. For example, it could be part of a lead compound that is further optimized through chemical modifications to enhance its efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties.It could, for example, be a part of a compound that is further optimized by chemical modifications to improve its efficacy and selectivity.

It also has applications in the preparation of polymers.It can also be used to prepare polymers. When copolymerized with other monomers, it can impart unique properties to the resulting polymers.It can give unique properties to polymers when copolymerized. The pyridine ring can contribute to the polymer's solubility, stability, and reactivity.The pyridine ring contributes to the polymer's stability, reactivity, and solubility. These polymers can find use in areas like coatings, adhesives, and membranes.These polymers are useful in coatings, membranes, and adhesives. In coatings, the modified polymer might have improved adhesion to different substrates or enhanced chemical resistance.In coatings, a modified polymer could have enhanced chemical resistance or improved adhesion to substrates. In membranes, it could influence the permeability and selectivity, making it useful for applications such as separation processes in the chemical and environmental industries.In membranes, the modified polymer could influence the permeability or selectivity. This makes it useful for separation processes in chemical and environmental industries.

Furthermore, in materials science, (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid can be used to functionalize surfaces. By attaching it to the surface of materials, new properties can be introduced.It can be used to introduce new properties by attaching it on the surface of materials. For example, on the surface of nanoparticles, it can modify their surface chemistry, affecting their dispersion in different solvents, and their interaction with other substances.On the surface of nanoparticles it can alter their surface chemistry. This will affect their dispersion in various solvents and their interaction with different substances. This can be beneficial in areas such as catalysis, where the functionalized nanoparticles can serve as more efficient catalysts due to the unique properties imparted by the acid.This can be useful in areas like catalysis where the functionalized particles can serve as more effective catalysts because of the unique properties imparted to them by the acid. Overall, (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid has diverse applications across multiple scientific and industrial fields, making it a compound of great interest.

What is the synthesis method of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid is an important organic compound. Here is a common synthesis method.Here is a common method of synthesis.
First, start with 3 - acetylpyridine.Start with 3 - Acetylpyridine. React 3 - acetylpyridine with an appropriate aldehyde, such as formaldehyde, in the presence of a base.In the presence of a basic, react 3 -acetylpyridine and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde. The base can be an inorganic base like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or an organic base like piperidine.The base can either be an inorganic one like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, as well as an organic one like piperidine. This reaction is an aldol - type condensation reaction.This is an aldol-type condensation reaction.

In the reaction process, under the action of the base, the enolate anion is formed from 3 - acetylpyridine.The enolate anion, formed by the base, is formed in the reaction process from 3 - Acetylpyridine. The enolate anion then attacks the carbonyl carbon of formaldehyde.The enolate anion attacks the carbonyl atom of formaldehyde. After nucleophilic addition, a b - hydroxy - carbonyl compound is formed as an intermediate.As an intermediate, a b-hydroxy-carbonyl compound is produced after nucleophilic addtion. Subsequently, through dehydration reaction, usually promoted by heat or the action of an acid catalyst in some cases, the b - hydroxy group is removed along with a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon to form a double bond, resulting in the formation of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid.

Another approach could involve starting from 3 - pyridinecarboxaldehyde. React it with a suitable reagent containing a methylene group that can undergo a condensation reaction.React with a reagent that contains a methylene ring capable of undergoing a condensation reaction. For example, using malonic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of piperidine and acetic anhydride.Use malonic acid with a catalytic amount piperidine, and acetic ahydride. Malonic acid first reacts with the aldehyde group of 3 - pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The piperidine catalyzes the reaction.The piperidine is responsible for catalyzing the reaction. During the reaction, decarboxylation occurs simultaneously with the formation of the double bond, leading to the synthesis of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid. This method has the advantage of a relatively simple operation and high selectivity under proper reaction conditions.This method is relatively simple to perform and has high selectivity when the reaction conditions are right.

In the synthesis process, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling reaction conditions such as temperature, reaction time, and the ratio of reactants.In the synthesis, it is important to control reaction conditions, such as temperature, time of reaction, and ratio of reactants. The temperature is usually maintained within a certain range, for example, in the aldol - type condensation reaction, a moderate temperature around 50 - 80 degC might be appropriate.Temperature is usually kept within a range. For example, a moderate temperature of 50-80 degC may be appropriate in the aldol-type condensation reaction. The reaction time also needs to be carefully monitored to ensure complete reaction without over - reaction.It is also important to monitor the reaction time to ensure that there is no over-reaction. And by adjusting the ratio of reactants, the yield and purity of the target product can be optimized.By adjusting the ratio between reactants, yield and purity can be optimized. After the reaction is completed, common separation and purification methods such as recrystallization, column chromatography can be used to obtain pure (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid.

What are the physical and chemical properties of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid has the following physical and chemical properties:
Physical Properties

Appearance: It is often a solid compound.Appearance: This is usually a solid compound. The color can vary, but typically, it might be a white to off - white crystalline solid.It can be white or off-white crystalline solid. This appearance is common for many organic carboxylic acid derivatives with aromatic components.This is a common appearance for many organic carboxylic acids with aromatic components.

Melting Point: The melting point is an important physical characteristic.Melting Point is an important physical property. Precise determination of the melting point can help in identifying the compound and assessing its purity.The melting point can be used to identify the compound and assess its purity. For (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid, the melting point can be in a specific temperature range. However, the exact value depends on factors such as the purity of the sample and the method of measurement.The exact value depends, however, on factors like the purity of a sample and the measurement method. In general, organic acids with similar structures tend to have melting points in the range where intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, are overcome.In general, organic acid molecules with similar structures have melting points that are in the range of intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals.

Solubility: Regarding solubility, it shows differential solubility in various solvents.It shows differential solubility with different solvents. It is likely to be sparingly soluble in non - polar solvents like hexane.It is likely that it will be sparingly solubilized in non-polar solvents such as hexane. This is because the molecule contains polar functional groups, namely the carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and the pyridine ring, which have significant dipole moments.The molecule contains dipole moments in the carboxylic group (-COOH), and the pyridine rings. In polar solvents such as water, its solubility might be limited at room temperature due to the hydrophobic nature of the pyridine - containing aromatic part.The hydrophobic nature the pyridine-containing aromatic part may limit its solubility in polar solvents like water. But in more polar organic solvents like ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), it is likely to have better solubility.In more polar organic solutions like ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide, it will likely be more soluble. The carboxylic acid group can form hydrogen bonds with these polar solvents, facilitating dissolution.The carboxylic group can form hydrogen bond with these polar organic solvents, which facilitates dissolution.

Chemical Properties

Acidity: The carboxylic acid group in (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid gives it acidic properties. It can donate a proton (H+) in the presence of a base.It can donate a proton (H+) when it is present with a base. The pKa value of the carboxylic acid group determines its acidity strength.The acidity strength of a carboxylic acid is determined by its pKa value. Compared to simple aliphatic carboxylic acids, the presence of the pyridine ring can influence the pKa.The presence of a pyridine ring in carboxylic acid can affect the pKa compared to simple aliphatic acids. The electron - withdrawing or donating effects of the pyridine ring can either stabilize or destabilize the carboxylate anion formed after deprotonation.The electron-donating or electron-withdrawing effects of the pyridine can either stabilize or stabilise the carboxylate anion after deprotonation. If the pyridine ring is electron - withdrawing, it will stabilize the negative charge on the carboxylate, making the acid more acidic and lowering the pKa value.If the pyridine is electron-donating, it will stabilize a negative charge on carboxylate. This will make the acid more acidic, and lower the pKa.

Reactivity of the Double Bond: The compound contains a carbon - carbon double bond in the acrylic acid part.Double Bond Reactivity: The compound contains in the acrylic acid a double carbon-carbon bond. This double bond is reactive towards addition reactions.This double bond is reactive to addition reactions. For example, it can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with reagents such as bromine (Br2), where the double bond breaks, and bromine atoms add across the double bond.It can undergo electrophilic reactions with reagents like bromine (Br2) where the double bonds breaks and bromine atoms are added across the double bonds. It can also participate in Diels - Alder reactions if it acts as a dienophile, reacting with a conjugated diene to form a cyclic product.It can also take part in Diels-Alder reactions if, as a dienophile it reacts with a conjugated diene to form a cyclic compound.

Reactivity of the Pyridine Ring: The pyridine ring has its own set of chemical reactivity.Reactivity of Pyridine Ring The pyridine rings have their own chemical reactivity. It can act as a nucleophile at the nitrogen atom in certain reactions.In certain reactions, it can act as a nitrogen nucleophile. For instance, it can react with electrophiles in substitution reactions.It can, for example, react with electrophiles during substitution reactions. Additionally, the pyridine ring can be involved in hydrogen - bonding interactions, which can affect the overall reactivity and physical properties of the molecule.The pyridine ring is also involved in hydrogen-bonding interactions that can affect the reactivity of the molecule and its physical properties.

What are the safety precautions for handling (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid?

(2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid is a chemical compound that requires certain safety precautions during handling.
Firstly, personal protective equipment is essential.Personal protective equipment is a must. Wear appropriate protective clothing, such as lab coats or coveralls, to prevent the chemical from coming into contact with the skin.Wear protective clothing such as lab coats and coveralls to prevent the chemical coming into contact with your skin. Gloves made of a suitable material, like nitrile, should be worn to protect the hands.Wear gloves made from a suitable material like nitrile to protect your hands. This is because direct skin contact may cause irritation or potential absorption of the chemical, which could lead to adverse health effects.Direct skin contact can cause irritation or absorption of chemicals, which could have adverse health effects.

Secondly, eye protection is crucial.Second, eye protection is essential. Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn at all times when handling this compound.When handling this chemical, safety goggles or face shields should be worn. If the chemical were to splash into the eyes, it could cause serious damage, including irritation, redness, and potential long - term vision problems.If the chemical splashes into the eyes it can cause serious damage including irritation, redness and long-term vision problems.

When working with (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid, ensure good ventilation. Work in a well - ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood.Work in an area that is well-ventilated, preferably under a fume-hood. This helps to prevent the inhalation of dust or vapors that may be generated during handling.This will help to prevent inhalation of dust and vapors generated during handling. Inhalation of the chemical can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, or more severe respiratory problems over time.Inhaling the chemical can cause irritation of the respiratory tract. This can lead to coughing, shortness in breath, or even more serious respiratory problems.

In case of spills, take immediate action.Take immediate action in the event of spills. First, isolate the area to prevent others from coming into contact with the spilled chemical.Isolate the area first to prevent others from coming in contact with the spilled chemicals. Then, carefully clean up the spill using appropriate absorbent materials.After cleaning the spill with appropriate absorbents, dispose of them according to local regulations. Dispose of the contaminated absorbents in accordance with local regulations for chemical waste disposal.Dispose the contaminated absorbents according to local regulations on chemical waste disposal. Do not attempt to clean up the spill with bare hands or using inappropriate materials.Do not try to clean the spill up with your bare hands or inappropriate materials.

During storage, keep (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid in a cool, dry place away from sources of heat and ignition. Store it in a properly labeled container to avoid confusion with other chemicals.Store it in a container that is clearly labeled to avoid confusion with any other chemicals. Also, make sure the storage area is well - secured to prevent unauthorized access.Make sure that the storage area is properly secured to prevent unauthorized entry.

In the event of contact with the skin, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.If you come into contact with skin, wash it immediately with plenty of water and for at least 15 min. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. For eye contact, flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and then consult a doctor.If you have eye contact, flush your eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes at least and consult a physician. If inhaled, move to fresh air immediately.If inhaled, get to fresh air as soon as possible. If breathing is difficult, provide artificial respiration and call for emergency medical help.If breathing is difficult, call emergency medical help and provide artificial respiration.

What are the differences between (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid and other similar compounds?

(2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid has several differences compared to other similar compounds.
One key difference lies in its molecular structure.The molecular structure is the key difference. It contains a pyridin - 3 - yl group attached to an acrylic acid moiety through an ethylenic double bond in the E - configuration.It contains a pyridin-3-yl group attached through an ethylenic dual bond to an acrylic acid moiety in the E- configuration. The presence of the pyridine ring imparts unique electronic and steric properties.The presence of a pyridine ring confers unique electronic and stereochemical properties. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring is electronegative, which can influence the reactivity of the adjacent double bond and the carboxylic acid group.The nitrogen atom of the pyridine is electronegative. This can affect the reactivity and double bond of the carboxylic group. In contrast, similar compounds lacking the pyridine ring, such as simple acrylic acids or those with different aromatic or heteroaromatic substituents, will have different electron - withdrawing or - donating capabilities.Similar compounds without the pyridine rings, such as simple acrylic acids or those with aromatic or heteroaromatic substitutes, will have a different electron - withdrawing and - donating capability. For example, if the pyridine ring is replaced with a benzene ring, the electron - density distribution around the double bond and the acid group will change due to the different resonance patterns of benzene and pyridine.The electron - density around the double bond will change if, for example, the pyridine is replaced by a benzene. This is due to the differences in the resonance patterns between benzene, and pyridine.

The reactivity of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid is also distinct. The pyridine nitrogen can act as a Lewis base, facilitating various chemical reactions.The pyridine nitrogen acts as a Lewis acid, facilitating a variety of chemical reactions. It can participate in hydrogen - bonding interactions, which can affect its solubility and intermolecular associations.It can participate in hydrogen-bonding interactions that can affect its solubility or intermolecular association. In reactions, it may direct the regioselectivity of addition reactions to the double bond.In reactions, the pyridine ring can direct the regioselectivity to the double bond. For instance, in Michael addition reactions, the presence of the pyridine ring can influence the position where the nucleophile attacks the double bond, which is different from compounds without such an electron - withdrawing and directing group.In Michael addition reactions, for example, the presence of a pyridine ring may influence the position in which the nucleophile attacks a double bond. This is different from compounds that do not have such an electron-withdrawing and directing group.

In terms of physical properties, the melting and boiling points of (2E)-3-(Pyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid are determined by its molecular structure. The hydrogen - bonding ability of the carboxylic acid group and the polar nature of the pyridine ring contribute to its overall physical characteristics.The hydrogen-bonding ability of carboxylic acid and the polarity of the pyridine rings contribute to its physical properties. Compared to similar compounds with non - polar substituents, it may have higher melting and boiling points due to stronger intermolecular forces.It may have higher melting points and boiling temperatures than similar compounds with non-polar substituents due to stronger intermolecular interactions. Solubility is another aspect.Another aspect is soluble. It is likely to be more soluble in polar solvents because of the polar nature of both the carboxylic acid and the pyridine moieties, while non - polar similar compounds would show better solubility in non - polar solvents.It is more likely to be soluble in polar solutions due to the polar natures of both the carboxylic acids and the pyridine moiety, while similar non-polar compounds would show a better solubility when in non-polar solvents.

Biological activities can also vary.Biological activities also vary. The pyridine - containing structure may confer specific biological properties.The pyridine-containing structure could confer specific biological properties. It could potentially interact with biological receptors or enzymes in a unique way.It could interact in a unique manner with biological receptors and enzymes. Some pyridine - based compounds have shown antibacterial, antifungal, or anti - inflammatory activities.Some pyridine-based compounds have antibacterial, antifungal or anti-inflammatory activities. In contrast, similar compounds without the pyridine ring may have different or no such biological effects, depending on how their structures interact with biological targets.Similar compounds without the pyridine rings may have different biological effects or none at all, depending on their structure and how it interacts with biological targets.