What is the chemical structure of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid?

3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid has a specific and interesting chemical structure.
At the core of the molecule is the indole ring system.The indole system is at the core of the molecular structure. The indole ring consists of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring.The indole is made up of a benzene and pyrrole ring. The benzene ring is a six - membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds, which gives it high stability due to resonance.The benzene is a six-membered aromatic ring that has alternating double bonds. This gives it a high stability because of resonance. The pyrrole ring is a five - membered heterocyclic aromatic ring containing a nitrogen atom.The pyrrole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring that contains a nitrogen atom. The nitrogen in the pyrrole ring contributes to the overall aromaticity of the indole system through its lone pair of electrons participating in the cyclic delocalized p - electron cloud.The nitrogen atom in the pyrrole contributes to the overall aromatism of the indole ring system by participating in the cyclic, delocalized p- electron cloud.

Attached to the 3 - position of the indole ring is an acrylic acid moiety.The acrylic acid moiety is attached to the 3 – position of the indole. The acrylic acid part contains a vinyl group (a carbon - carbon double bond) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH).The acrylic acid moiety contains a vinyl group, (a double carbon-carbon bond), and a carboxylic group (-COOH). The carbon - carbon double bond in the vinyl group is a site of reactivity, being able to participate in addition reactions.The double carbon-carbon bond in the vinyl group can be reacted with, and participate in additional reactions. The carboxylic acid group is a polar functional group.The carboxylic group is a functional group with polar properties. It can act as an acid, donating a proton in the presence of a base.It can act as a base, donating a proton in the presence of an acid. The oxygen atoms in the carboxylic acid group have a relatively high electronegativity, creating a dipole moment in the molecule.The oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group have a high electronegativity and create a dipole in the molecule.

The overall structure of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid combines the aromaticity and stability of the indole part with the reactivity of the carbon - carbon double bond and the acidic properties of the carboxylic acid group. This unique combination of structural features endows 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid with various chemical and biological activities. For example, the aromatic indole part can participate in hydrophobic interactions in biological systems, while the carboxylic acid group can form hydrogen bonds or interact with other polar groups.The aromatic indole can be involved in hydrophobic interactions within biological systems, whereas the carboxylic group can form hydrogen bond or interact with other groups. The carbon - carbon double bond can be used in synthetic chemistry to introduce new functional groups through reactions like bromination or polymerization.In synthetic chemistry, the carbon-carbon double bond can be utilized to introduce new functional group through reactions such as bromination or polymerization. Overall, understanding the chemical structure of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid is crucial for exploring its potential applications in fields such as organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials science.

What are the applications of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid?

3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid, also known as indole-3-acrylic acid, has several important applications.
In the field of plant growth regulation, it plays a significant role.It plays a major role in the regulation of plant growth. It can act as a plant hormone - like substance.It can act like a plant hormone. It has the ability to influence various aspects of plant development.It can influence different aspects of plant growth. For example, it can promote root growth.It can, for example, promote root growth. By enhancing the growth and branching of roots, plants are better able to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which is crucial for their overall health and productivity.By increasing the growth and branching, roots are better able absorb water and nutrients, which is vital for their overall health. It may also have an impact on shoot growth, potentially regulating the elongation and development of stems and leaves.It can also affect the growth of shoots, possibly regulating the development and elongation of stems and leafs. This property makes it useful in agriculture and horticulture, where optimizing plant growth is essential for higher yields.This property makes it useful for agriculture and horticulture where optimizing plant growth can be essential to higher yields.

3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid also shows promise in the area of medicine and pharmacology. It has been studied for its potential anti - inflammatory properties.Its anti-inflammatory properties have been studied. Inflammation is a key factor in many diseases, including arthritis and some cardiovascular disorders.Inflammation plays a major role in many diseases including arthritis and certain cardiovascular disorders. Compounds with anti - inflammatory capabilities can help alleviate symptoms and potentially slow down the progression of these diseases.Compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties can help relieve symptoms and slow down the progression. Additionally, it has been investigated for its possible antioxidant effects.It has also been studied for its antioxidant effects. Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are implicated in aging and the development of numerous diseases such as cancer.Antioxidants protect the cells from damage caused to them by free radicals. These are responsible for aging, and many diseases like cancer.

In the realm of microbiology, this compound can influence the behavior of microorganisms.This compound can affect the behavior of microorganisms in the microbiology field. Some bacteria produce 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid as part of their quorum - sensing mechanisms. Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria communicate with each other and coordinate their activities based on population density.Quorum sensing occurs when bacteria communicate and coordinate their actions based on the population density. Understanding how 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid is involved in these processes can provide insights into bacterial behavior, which may be useful for developing strategies to control harmful bacteria or enhance the beneficial functions of probiotic bacteria.

Overall, 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid has diverse applications that span multiple scientific disciplines, from improving agricultural practices to potentially contributing to new medical treatments and understanding microbial interactions.

How is 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid synthesized?

3 - (indol - 3 - yl)acrylic acid can be synthesized through the following general approach.The following general approach can be used to synthesize 3 - (indol-3 - yl-)acrylic acid.
One common method involves the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.Knoevenagel condensation is a common method. First, indole - 3 - aldehyde is prepared.Indole-3-aldehyde must first be prepared. Indole - 3 - aldehyde can be obtained by various methods.Indole -3 - aldehyde is obtained in a variety of ways. For example, indole can react with reagents like N,N - dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF - DMA) under appropriate reaction conditions.Under the right conditions, indole may react with reagents such as N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA). This reaction typically occurs in an organic solvent such as toluene or xylene.This reaction occurs most commonly in organic solvents such as toluene and xylene. Heat is often applied to facilitate the formation of indole - 3 - aldehyde.Heat is often used to facilitate the formation indole-3-aldehyde.

Once indole - 3 - aldehyde is ready, it is reacted with malonic acid in the presence of a base catalyst.Once the indole-3-aldehyde has been prepared, it is then reacted with malonic in the presence a base catalyst. Pyridine is a frequently used base for this Knoevenagel condensation.Pyridine is often used as a base for this Knoevenagel reaction. The reaction mixture is usually heated, and the reaction proceeds via the formation of an intermediate.The reaction mixture is heated and proceeds through the formation of intermediates. The base catalyst helps to deprotonate malonic acid, making it more reactive towards the electrophilic indole - 3 - aldehyde.The base catalyst deprotonates malonic acid and makes it more reactive to the electrophilic indole-3-aldehyde.

As the reaction progresses, a condensation reaction occurs between the carbonyl group of indole - 3 - aldehyde and the activated malonic acid.As the reaction proceeds, a condensation occurs between the carbonyl groups of the indole-3-aldehyde molecule and the activated malonic acids. This results in the formation of 3 - (indol - 3 - yl)acrylic acid along with the elimination of carbon dioxide.This leads to the formation of 3- (indol- 3 yl-)acrylic acid and the elimination of carbon. The carbon dioxide is a by - product of the decarboxylation step that occurs during the reaction mechanism.The carbon dioxide is produced during the decarboxylation process.

After the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is typically worked up.The reaction mixture is usually worked up after the reaction has been completed. This may involve processes such as extraction with an appropriate organic solvent to separate the product from the reaction by - products and unreacted starting materials.This can involve extraction with an organic solvent to separate out the reaction by-products and unreacted materials. Then, purification steps like recrystallization can be carried out.Purification steps such as recrystallization are then possible. Recrystallization from a suitable solvent system, such as a mixture of ethanol and water, can help to obtain pure 3 - (indol - 3 - yl)acrylic acid.Recrystallization using a suitable solvent, such as a mix of ethanol and distilled water, can be used to obtain pure 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acids. The recrystallization process takes advantage of the differences in solubility of the product and impurities at different temperatures to isolate the pure compound.Recrystallization takes advantage of differences in the solubility of impurities and the product at different temperatures.

Another approach could potentially involve the use of organometallic reagents.Another approach may involve the use organometallic compounds. For instance, an organolithium or Grignard reagent derived from indole could react with a suitable acrylic acid derivative.An organolithium reagent or Grignard reagent, derived from indole, could react with an acrylic acid derivative. However, this method may require more careful handling due to the reactivity of organometallic reagents.This method may require extra care due to the reactivity organometallics. Additionally, proper selection of reaction conditions and protecting groups may be necessary to ensure the desired reaction pathway and product formation.To ensure the desired reaction pathway, it may also be necessary to select the correct reaction conditions and protect groups.

What are the physical properties of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid?

3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid, also known as indole-3-acrylic acid, has several distinct physical properties.
Appearance: It typically exists as a solid.Appearance: It is usually a solid. Usually, it appears as a fine powder, which can be off - white to light yellow in color.It usually appears as a fine, off-white to light yellow powder. The fine powder form is due to the nature of its molecular packing and intermolecular forces.The fine powder is due to its molecular packing, and intermolecular force.

Melting Point: The melting point of 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid is around 184 - 186 degC. This relatively high melting point is a result of strong intermolecular forces.This high melting point is due to strong intermolecular interactions. In the solid state, the molecules are held together by a combination of hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and p - p stacking interactions.In the solid state the molecules are held by hydrogen bonds, van Der Waals forces, p-p stacking interactions, and a combination. The indole ring, with its conjugated p - electron system, can participate in p - p stacking, which significantly contributes to the overall stability of the solid structure and thus requires a relatively high temperature to break these interactions and transition to the liquid state.The indole, with its conjugated electron system, can take part in p-p stacking. This contributes significantly to the overall stability and requires a high temperature to break the interactions and transition into the liquid state.

Solubility: In terms of solubility, it has limited solubility in water.Solubility: It has a limited solubility when it comes to water. This is because the molecule contains a relatively large non - polar indole ring, which is hydrophobic.This is due to the fact that the molecule contains an indole ring which is hydrophobic. However, it shows better solubility in organic solvents.It is more soluble in organic solvents. For example, it is soluble in polar organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).It is soluble, for example, in polar organics like ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. In these solvents, the polar groups of the molecule can interact with the polar solvent molecules through hydrogen bonding or dipole - dipole interactions, while the non - polar indole ring can interact with the non - polar parts of the organic solvent molecules through van der Waals forces.In these solvents the polar groups can interact through hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions or van der Waals forces with the polar solvent molecules.

Density: Precise density values can vary depending on factors such as purity and how the sample is prepared.Density: The exact density value can vary depending on factors like purity and how the sample was prepared. Generally, it has a density that is characteristic of organic solids.It has a density characteristic of organic solids. Its density is influenced by the mass of its atoms and the way the molecules are packed in the solid state.Its density depends on the mass of the atoms in the solid and how the molecules are arranged. Given its molecular structure with a relatively large indole ring and an acrylic acid side - chain, it has a density in the range typical for organic compounds of similar molecular weight.Its molecular structure, which has a relatively large acrylic acid side-chain and a relatively big indole ring, gives it a density that is typical of organic compounds with similar molecular weight.

Odor: 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid has a faint, characteristic odor. The indole moiety in the molecule contributes to this odor.This odor is due to the indole moiety of the molecule. Indole - containing compounds often have a distinct smell, which can be described as slightly floral - like but also with a hint of an earthy or somewhat pungent undertone.Indole-containing compounds have a distinctive smell that can be described as floral, but with a hint earthy or pungent undertone. However, the odor is not overpowering and is relatively mild compared to some other indole - based compounds.The smell is not overwhelming and is milder than some other indole-based compounds.

These physical properties play important roles in various applications.These physical properties are important in many applications. For example, its solubility properties are crucial when it comes to formulating solutions for biological assays or in chemical reactions where it needs to be in a dissolved state.Solubility is important when formulating solutions for biological tests or chemical reactions that require it to be dissolved. The melting point is relevant in processes such as purification by recrystallization, as well as in understanding its thermal behavior during storage and handling.The melting point is important in processes like purification by recrystallization as well as understanding its thermal behavior when stored and handled.

What are the safety hazards associated with 3-(indol-3-yl)acrylic acid?

3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid is a chemical compound with potential safety hazards.
One of the main concerns is its potential for skin and eye irritation.One of its main concerns is the potential for eye and skin irritation. Direct contact with the compound can cause redness, itching, and a burning sensation on the skin.Direct contact with the compound may cause skin irritation, stinging, and burning. If it gets into the eyes, it may lead to severe eye irritation, watering, and potential damage to the cornea.If it gets in the eyes, severe irritation, eye watering and corneal damage can occur. Workers handling this chemical should take precautions such as wearing gloves and safety goggles to prevent such contact.To prevent contact, workers handling this chemical must wear safety goggles and gloves.

Inhalation of dust or vapors containing 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid can also pose risks. It may irritate the respiratory tract, causing coughing, shortness of breath, and a sore throat.It can irritate the respiratory system, causing coughing and shortness of breathe, as well as a sore mouth. Prolonged or high - level inhalation could potentially lead to more serious respiratory problems over time.Inhalation of high levels or for a long time could lead to respiratory problems. In areas where the chemical is used or stored, proper ventilation systems should be in place to minimize the concentration of airborne particles.Proper ventilation systems should be installed in areas where the chemical will be used or stored to reduce the concentration of airborne particle.

Regarding its oral toxicity, if ingested, 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid may cause harm to the digestive system. Symptoms could include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Since it is not intended for consumption, strict measures should be taken to prevent accidental ingestion in industrial or laboratory settings.It is not intended to be consumed, so strict measures must be taken in order to prevent accidental ingestion of the substance in industrial or lab settings.

Another aspect is its potential environmental impact.A potential environmental impact is also a consideration. If released into the environment, it may have effects on aquatic life.It may affect aquatic life if released into the environment. It could potentially contaminate water sources and disrupt the ecological balance in aquatic ecosystems.It could contaminate water and disrupt the ecosystem of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, proper waste management procedures are crucial to ensure that any residues or waste containing this compound are disposed of in an environmentally friendly way.It is therefore important to follow proper waste management procedures in order to dispose of any residues or wastes containing this compound in an environmentally friendly manner.

In addition, from a handling perspective, 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid should be stored properly. It may react with certain substances, and inappropriate storage conditions such as exposure to heat, moisture, or incompatible chemicals could lead to chemical reactions that might increase the risk of fires, explosions, or the release of more harmful substances.It can react with certain substances. Improper storage conditions, such as heat, moisture or incompatible chemicals, could lead to chemical reaction that increases the risk of fires or explosions. Overall, awareness of these safety hazards and implementation of appropriate safety measures are essential when dealing with 3-(Indol-3-yl)acrylic acid.