What is the chemical formula of phenylacrylic acid?

Phenylacrylic acid has two main isomers: trans -cinnamic acid and cis -cinnamic acid.The two main isomers of phenylacrylic are trans-cinnamic and cis-cinnamic acids. The more common one is trans -cinnamic acid.The most common is trans-cinnamic.
The chemical formula of phenylacrylic acid can be determined based on its structure.Structure can be used to determine the chemical formula of phenylacrylic. Phenylacrylic acid contains a phenyl group (a benzene ring), an acrylic acid moiety.The phenyl group of phenylacrylic acids is a benzene moiety. The benzene ring has the formula C6H5, and acrylic acid has the formula CH2=CH - COOH.The benzene group has the formula C6H5, while acrylic acid has formula CH2=CH-COOH.

Combining these parts, the molecular formula of phenylacrylic acid is C9H8O2.The molecular formula for phenylacrylic is C9H8O2 when these parts are combined. The structural formula of trans -cinnamic acid shows a benzene ring attached to a carbon - carbon double bond, with the carboxylic acid group on the other end of the double bond in a trans configuration.The structural formula for trans-cinnamic acids shows a benzene group attached to a double carbon-carbon bond. The carboxylic acid is on the other side of the double carbon bond in a trans configuration. The structure can be written as C6H5 - CH = CH - COOH.The structure is written as C6H5-CH = CH-COOH.

In this formula, the nine carbon atoms come from six in the benzene ring and three in the acrylic acid chain.The nine carbon atoms in this formula are made up of six in the benzene chain and three in the acrylic acids chain. The eight hydrogen atoms are distributed among the benzene ring and the acrylic acid part, and the two oxygen atoms are part of the carboxylic acid functional group.The eight hydrogens are evenly distributed between the benzene and acrylic acid parts, and the two oxygens are part the carboxylic group.

The cis -isomer has the same molecular formula C9H8O2 but a different spatial arrangement around the carbon - carbon double bond.The cis isomer has the same molecule formula C9H8O2, but a different arrangement of the double carbon-carbon bond. In the cis -form, the benzene ring and the carboxylic acid group are on the same side of the double bond, while in the trans -form, they are on opposite sides.In the cis-form, the carboxylic group and the benzene are on the same side as the double bond. However, the cis -isomer is less stable and less common compared to the trans -isomer.The cis isomer is less stable than the trans isomer and is less common.

Overall, whether it is the trans or cis form of phenylacrylic acid, its chemical formula remains C9H8O2, which represents the types and numbers of atoms that make up this organic compound.The chemical formula of phenylacrylic is C9H8O2, and this represents the types of atoms in the organic compound. This formula is fundamental for understanding its chemical properties, reactions, and for carrying out various chemical analyses and syntheses related to phenylacrylic acid.This formula is essential for understanding phenylacrylic acids chemical properties and reactions. It can also be used to perform various chemical analyses and syntheses.

What are the main applications of phenylacrylic acid?

Phenylacrylic acid, also known as cinnamic acid, has several important applications across various industries.The cinnamic or phenylacrylic acids, also known as cinnamic, have many important applications in various industries.
In the food industry, phenylacrylic acid is used as a flavoring agent.In the food industry, it is used to flavor foods. It has a pleasant, spicy - cinnamon - like aroma and flavor.It has a spicy, cinnamon-like aroma and flavor. It can enhance the taste and aroma of many food products, such as candies, baked goods, and beverages.It can enhance the flavor and aroma of a wide range of food products such as baked goods, candies, and beverages. For example, in cinnamon - flavored candies, phenylacrylic acid contributes to the characteristic cinnamon taste that consumers enjoy.Phenylacrylic Acid, for example, contributes to the cinnamon flavor of cinnamon-flavored candies. Its natural origin and relatively mild flavor make it a popular choice among food manufacturers.Its natural origin, mild flavor and relative ease of use make it a favorite among food manufacturers.

The cosmetic and fragrance industries also make use of phenylacrylic acid.Phenylacrylic Acid is also used in the cosmetic and fragrance industry. Due to its pleasant scent, it is an ingredient in many perfumes, colognes, and scented products.It is used in perfumes, colognes and scented products because of its pleasant smell. It can add a warm, spicy note to fragrance formulations, either on its own or in combination with other aromatic compounds.It can add a warm and spicy note to fragrance formulas, either alone or in combination with another aromatic compound. In addition, in some skincare products, phenylacrylic acid may have potential antioxidant properties.In some skincare products, the phenylacrylic acids may also have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which can lead to premature aging, wrinkling, and other skin problems.Antioxidants protect the skin against damage caused by free-radicals, which can cause premature aging, wrinkles, and other skin issues.

In the pharmaceutical industry, phenylacrylic acid has shown some biological activities.Phenylacrylic Acid has biological properties that have been observed in the pharmaceutical industry. It has antibacterial and antifungal properties.It has antibacterial, antifungal properties. This makes it useful in the development of drugs and topical formulations to combat certain microbial infections.It is therefore useful in the development and formulation of drugs to combat certain microbial infection. For instance, it can be incorporated into creams or ointments to treat skin infections caused by bacteria or fungi.It can be used in creams and ointments for treating skin infections caused either by bacteria or fungi. Additionally, some studies suggest that phenylacrylic acid may have anti - inflammatory effects.Some studies have also suggested that phenylacrylic acids may have anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation is associated with many diseases, and compounds with anti - inflammatory properties can be used in the treatment or prevention of conditions such as arthritis and some skin inflammations.Inflammation can be associated with a wide range of diseases. Compounds with anti-inflammatory properties may be used to treat or prevent conditions such as arthritis, and some skin inflammations.

Phenylacrylic acid is also used in the synthesis of other chemicals.Also, phenylacrylic acids are used in the production of other chemicals. It serves as a key intermediate in the production of various organic compounds.It is a key ingredient in the production of many organic compounds. For example, it can be used to synthesize cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamyl esters, and other derivatives.It can be used, for example, to synthesize cinnamyl ester, cinnamyl ethanol, and other derivatives. These derivatives are further used in the production of plastics, resins, and other industrial materials.These derivatives can be used to produce plastics, resins and other industrial materials. In the synthesis of certain polymers, phenylacrylic acid - based monomers can be used to impart specific properties such as improved thermal stability and enhanced mechanical strength to the resulting polymers.In the synthesis certain polymers, monomers based on phenylacrylic acids can be used to impart properties such as enhanced mechanical strength and improved thermal stability to the resulting materials.

How is phenylacrylic acid synthesized?

Phenylacrylic acid, also known as cinnamic acid, can be synthesized through several methods.Synthesis of phenylacrylic, also known by the name cinnamic, can be achieved using several methods. One common approach is the Perkin reaction.Perkin reaction is a common method.
In the Perkin reaction, benzaldehyde reacts with acetic anhydride in the presence of a base such as sodium acetate.In the Perkin Reaction, benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride react in the presence a base like sodium acetate. The reaction mechanism involves the following steps.The reaction involves the following steps. First, the base, sodium acetate, deprotonates acetic anhydride.First, the base sodium acetate deprotonates anhydride. This creates an enolate ion.This produces an enolate anion. The enolate ion then attacks the carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde.The enolate is then attacked the carbonyl carbon in benzaldehyde. A series of intramolecular rearrangements and dehydration steps follow.Then, a series of intramolecular rearrangements are followed by dehydration. The intermediate formed loses a molecule of acetic acid, resulting in the formation of phenylacrylic acid.The intermediate loses one acetic-acid molecule, resulting in phenylacrylic. The overall reaction can be represented as: benzaldehyde + acetic anhydride - phenylacrylic acid + acetic acid.The overall reaction is represented by: benzaldehyde plus acetic anhydride + phenylacrylic + acetic.

Another method for synthesizing phenylacrylic acid is the Knoevenagel condensation.The Knoevenagel reaction is another method of synthesizing Phenylacrylic Acid. In this reaction, benzaldehyde reacts with malonic acid in the presence of a weak base like pyridine.In this reaction, malonic acid and benzaldehyde are reacting in the presence a weak base such as pyridine. Malonic acid is first deprotonated by the base.The base deprotonates malonic acid first. The resulting carbanion attacks the carbonyl group of benzaldehyde.The carbanion formed attacks the carbonyl group in benzaldehyde. After that, a decarboxylation reaction occurs.The decarboxylation occurs afterward. The carboxyl group of the intermediate formed from the reaction of benzaldehyde and malonic acid is removed as carbon dioxide.Carbon dioxide is used to remove the carboxyl group from the intermediate formed by the reaction between benzaldehyde & malonic acid. This leads to the formation of phenylacrylic acid.This results in the formation of phenylacrylic acids. The reaction equation is: benzaldehyde + malonic acid - phenylacrylic acid + carbon dioxide + water.The reaction equation is benzaldehyde, malonic acid, phenylacrylic acids + carbon dioxide +water.

The Wittig reaction can also be used to synthesize phenylacrylic acid.The Wittig reaction is also useful for synthesizing phenylacrylic acids. A phosphonium ylide is prepared first.First, a phosphonium-ylide must be prepared. For example, triphenylphosphine reacts with an alkyl halide to form a phosphonium salt, which is then deprotonated to generate the ylide.Triphenylphosphine, for example, reacts with a phosphonium halide, forming a phosphonium sulfate, which is deprotonated, generating the ylide. This ylide reacts with benzaldehyde.This ylide is reacted with benzaldehyde. The reaction between the ylide and benzaldehyde forms an alkene, in this case, phenylacrylic acid, through a series of steps involving the formation of a four - membered ring intermediate.The reaction between benzaldehyde and the ylide forms an alkene. In this case, it is phenylacrylic through a series steps that involve the formation of four-membered rings intermediate. Each of these methods has its own advantages and considerations in terms of reaction conditions, yield, and purity of the final product.Each of these methods have their own advantages and considerations with regard to reaction conditions, yield and purity of the end product.

What are the physical and chemical properties of phenylacrylic acid?

Phenylacrylic acid, also known as cinnamic acid, has distinct physical and chemical properties.Phenylacrylic Acid, also known by the name cinnamic acids, has distinct physical properties and chemical properties.
Physical Properties

Appearance: Phenylacrylic acid usually exists as white to off - white crystalline powder or needles.Appearance: Phenylacrylic Acid is usually a white to off-white crystalline powder. This crystalline form is due to the regular arrangement of its molecules through intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.This crystalline form results from the regular arrangement of molecules due to intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonds and van der Waals.

Melting Point: It has a relatively high melting point, typically around 133 - 135 degC.Melting Point: It is a relatively high melting temperature, usually around 133-135 degC. The high melting point is a result of the strong intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.The high melting point results from the strong intermolecular interaction within the crystal lattice. The presence of the phenyl group and the carboxyl group allows for significant intermolecular attractions, which require a substantial amount of energy to break and convert the solid into a liquid.The presence of phenyl and carboxyl groups allows for strong intermolecular attraction, which requires a significant amount of energy to break the solid and convert it into a liquid.

Solubility: In terms of solubility, phenylacrylic acid is sparingly soluble in water.Solubility: Phenylacrylic Acid is only sparingly soluble. The hydrophobic nature of the phenyl ring dominates its solubility behavior.Hydrophobicity of the phenyl rings dominates its solubility. However, it is more soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.It is more soluble in organic solvants such as ethanol ether and chloroform. The non - polar nature of these organic solvents can better interact with the non - polar phenyl part of phenylacrylic acid, facilitating dissolution.These organic solvents are non-polar and can interact better with the non-polar phenyl portion of phenylacrylic acids, facilitating their dissolution.

Odor: It has a faint, pleasant balsamic odor.It has a pleasant, faint balsamic smell. This odor is often associated with natural products where cinnamic acid is found, such as cinnamon bark.This odor is usually associated with natural products that contain cinnamic acids, such as cinnamon.

Chemical Properties

Acidity: Phenylacrylic acid contains a carboxyl group (-COOH), which makes it acidic.Acidity: Phenylacrylic acids contain a carboxyl (-COOH) group, which makes them acidic. It can donate a proton in an aqueous solution, following the general acid - dissociation equation: C6H5CH=CHCOOH = C6H5CH=CHCOO- + H+.It can donate a proton in an aqueous solvent, according to the general acid-dissociation equation: The pKa value of phenylacrylic acid is around 4.44.The pKa of phenylacrylic is 4.44. This acidic property allows it to react with bases to form salts.This acidic property allows the reaction with bases to produce salts. For example, reacting with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will produce sodium cinnamate and water: C6H5CH=CHCOOH + NaOH - C6H5CH=CHCOONa + H2O.Reacting with sodium hydroxide will produce sodium cinnamate (H2O) and water.

Double - Bond Reactivity: The presence of a carbon - carbon double bond (C = C) in the molecule makes phenylacrylic acid reactive towards addition reactions.Double-Bond Reactivity: The presence in the molecule of a double carbon-carbon bond (C=C) makes phenylacrylic acids reactive to addition reactions. For instance, it can undergo electrophilic addition reactions with substances like bromine (Br2).It can undergo electrophilic reactions with substances such as bromine (Br2). In the presence of bromine, the double bond breaks, and two bromine atoms add across the double bond, forming 2,3 - dibromo - 3 - phenylpropanoic acid.In the presence bromine, two bromine atoms are added across the double-bond to form 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acids.

Esterification: The carboxyl group of phenylacrylic acid can participate in esterification reactions.Esterification: The carboxyl groups of phenylacrylic acids can participate in esterification. When reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst (such as sulfuric acid), an ester is formed.When an alcohol is reacted with in the presence an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, an ester will be formed. For example, reacting with methanol (CH3OH) will yield methyl cinnamate and water: C6H5CH=CHCOOH + CH3OH = C6H5CH=CHCOOCH3 + H2O.Reacting with methanol will produce methyl cinnamate (CH3OH), and water. C6H5CH=CHCOOH+CH3OH =C6H5CH=CHCOOCH3+H2O. This reaction is reversible, and the equilibrium can be shifted towards the formation of the ester by removing water.This reaction is reversible and the equilibrium can shift towards the ester formation by removing the water.

Oxidation: Phenylacrylic acid can be oxidized under certain conditions.Oxidation is possible under certain conditions. The double bond and the carboxyl group can be targets for oxidation.The carboxyl group and the double bond can be targets for an oxidation. For example, strong oxidizing agents can potentially break the double bond and further oxidize the molecule, leading to the formation of more oxidized products such as carboxylic acids with shorter carbon chains or even carbon dioxide and water in extreme cases.Strong oxidizing agents, for example, can potentially break the double-bond and further oxidize a molecule. This leads to more oxidized products, such as carboxylic acid with shorter carbon chains, or even water and carbon dioxide in extreme cases.

What are the safety precautions for handling phenylacrylic acid?

Phenylacrylic acid, also known as cinnamic acid, has certain properties that require specific safety precautions during handling.The handling of cinnamic or phenylacrylic acids, also known by the name cinnamic, is subject to specific safety precautions due to their properties.
First, in terms of personal protective equipment.Personal protective equipment is the first thing to consider. When dealing with phenylacrylic acid, wear appropriate protective clothing.Wear protective clothing when working with phenylacrylic acids. This includes long - sleeved lab coats or coveralls made of chemical - resistant materials to prevent skin contact.Wear long-sleeved labcoats or coveralls made from chemical-resistant materials to avoid skin contact. Gloves are also essential.Gloves are essential. Nitrile or neoprene gloves can be used as they offer good resistance to many chemicals, protecting the hands from potential skin irritation or absorption of phenylacrylic acid.Gloves made of neoprene or nitrile are recommended as they resist many chemicals and protect the hands from skin irritation or phenylacrylic acids. Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn to safeguard the eyes.To protect the eyes, safety goggles or face shields should be worn. Even a small splash of phenylacrylic acid into the eyes can cause significant irritation, pain, and possible damage to the cornea.Even a small splash can cause irritation, pain and damage to the cornea.

Second, regarding ventilation. Phenylacrylic acid should be handled in a well - ventilated area, preferably under a fume hood.Handling phenylacrylic acids should be done in an area that is well-ventilated, preferably under the fume hood. If the acid is in powder form, there is a risk of dust inhalation, and in liquid form, vapors may be present.Inhalation of dust is possible if the acid is in powdered form. Vapors are also present if it is liquid. Adequate ventilation helps to remove these potentially harmful substances from the breathing zone.Adequate ventilation can help remove these potentially dangerous substances from the breathing area. A fume hood effectively captures and exhausts any dust or vapors generated during handling, reducing the risk of respiratory exposure.A fume hood will capture and exhaust any dust or vapors produced during handling, reducing respiratory exposure. Inhalation of phenylacrylic acid can cause irritation to the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, shortness of breath, or more severe respiratory problems over time.Inhaling phenylacrylic can cause irritation of the respiratory tract. This can lead to coughing, shortness or breath, and more serious respiratory problems with time.

Third, storage precautions are important.Third, it is important to take precautions when storing the acid. Phenylacrylic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from sources of heat and ignition.Store phenylacrylic acids in a cool and dry place away from heat sources and ignition. It should be kept in a tightly - sealed container to prevent moisture absorption and the release of vapors.Keep it in a tightly-sealed container to avoid moisture absorption and vapor release. If stored near heat sources, the acid may decompose or its reactivity may increase, posing additional safety risks.Stored near heat sources, acid can decompose, or its reactivity can increase, which poses additional safety risks. Also, store it separately from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizing agents, bases, and reactive metals.Store it away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agent, bases, or reactive metals. Chemical reactions between phenylacrylic acid and these substances can be violent and potentially dangerous.These substances can cause violent reactions with phenylacrylic acids.

Finally, in case of accidental exposure, know the proper first - aid procedures.In the event of an accidental exposure, you should know how to administer first aid. If the acid comes into contact with the skin, immediately rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.If the acid touches the skin, rinse it immediately with plenty of water. This should last at least 15 minutes. Remove any contaminated clothing during the rinsing process.Remove any contaminated clothing while rinsing. For eye contact, flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes and seek immediate medical attention.If there is eye contact, rinse the eyes for at least 15 mins with copious amounts water and seek immediate medical care. If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.If inhaled move the person to fresh air as soon as possible. If the person is having difficulty breathing, provide artificial respiration if trained to do so and call for emergency medical help.If the person has difficulty breathing, if you are trained to do this, provide artificial ventilation and call emergency medical assistance. In case of ingestion, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical professional, and seek immediate medical assistance.If you have ingested something, do not induce vomiting without the permission of a medical professional. Seek immediate medical attention.